vitamin D and its potential effects on several pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth
Vitamin D 
Immense interest persists in vitamin D and its potential effects on several pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth, hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Two factors make vitamin D intriguing to perinatal investigators studying GDM. First, vitamin D has been shown to improve pancreatic exocrine function and insulin sensitivity in animal models. Second, vitamin D status, like most micronutrients, is easily modified by dietary supplementation. If shown to prevent or improve outcomes of pregnancies complicated by GDM, vitamin D intake could be titrated to achieve optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels
Burris andCamargo, 2014
Johnson et al., 2011;Karimet al., 2011
Immense interest persists in vitamin D and its potential effects on several pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth, hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Two factors make vitamin D intriguing to perinatal investigators studying GDM. First, vitamin D has been shown to improve pancreatic exocrine function and insulin sensitivity in animal models. Second, vitamin D status, like most micronutrients, is easily modified by dietary supplementation. If shown to prevent or improve outcomes of pregnancies complicated by GDM, vitamin D intake could be titrated to achieve optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels
Vitamin D deficiency is common all around the world and has a prevalence of 26–98% in pregnancy, bringing concerns about its consequences and need for supplementation. As vitamin D receptor is expressed widely in nucleated cells, it does not only have a role in calcium and bone homeostasis but also in various organs and system functions (.
Vitamin D has a wide spectrum of extraskeletal effects and its deficiency has various consequences including muscle weakness, impairment of immune system, increase in cardiovascular disease and hypertension, disturbance of neuropsychiatric function and even increased mortality.Burris andCamargo, 2014
Johnson et al., 2011;Karimet al., 2011
